ENZIMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF FROST RESISTENS IN WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

We studied the variability of hydrolytic activity β-fructofuranosidase enzyme in the seedlings of different frost resistance of winter wheat varieties in the process of cold hardening and freezing. The close linkage between thermal environment, the activity of the enzyme and frost. To estimate the frost resistance of 15 winter wheat varieties of different ecological zones, resulting in on the basis of the indices of resistance divided into 3 groups of resistance: frost resistant index resistances 3.3-4.2 (Photinia, Claudia, Mironovskaya 808, Turquoise, bezenchukskaja 380); srednevozrastnoe - index of resistance of 1.9-2.3 (Cinderella, brunette, Erythrospermum 2/01-3-04, Orenburgskaya 105, Kinel 5); slavomacedonia - index of resistance of 1.0-1.4 (Basalt, Lutesens 2/01-17-04, bezenchukskaja 616, Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04, Santa). Hydrolytic activity of the enzyme is proposed to use as a performance indicator of frost resistance of new winter wheat varieties. The degree of variability of the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme β-fructofuranosidase in seedlings of winter wheat (index of resistance) allows objective evaluation of frost resistance of varieties and breeding material. Using this method has allowed to establish that in Penza research Institute of agriculture of new varieties of winter wheat Claudius and Photinia are highly resistant to low temperatures.The resistance index that expresses the degree of activation of the enzyme β-fructofuranosidase the cooling of the sprouts, it is an objective measure of frost resistance of winter wheat varieties, as evidenced by the survival in the freezing cold room.